Quantum computing:The new technology for computer genration

 In 2019 Google claimed Quantum Supremacy that generated a lot of interest about Quantum computing among the general public. But are we on the verge of developing quantum computers that can Revolution arise that the world? Expert differ on this matter with many claiming quantum computers will be a reality in the very near future where as some other take the extreme opposite view that quantum computers will never be a reality. Whatever might be a eventual outcome Quantum computing is an exciting technology and will remain in the public Eye for quite some time.

The quantum computing vocabulary:

Lets us begins by discussing to terms  that offtens associated with Quantum computing Quantum suspensions and super positions and Quantum entanglement don't have a expertise or explain and about to concept more over it takes a lot more than a short article to explain these. But latest atleast go through the definitions of these two quantum mechanical phenomena to understand y a Quantum computer is for more powerful than a classical computer according to Wikipedia a Quantum state is a mathematical entity that provides a probability distribution for the outcomes of each possible measurement on a system.

                             quantum entanglement is the phenomenon by which the quantum states of a pair of of particles are interdependent irrespective deer physical proximity. Quantum superposition is the phenomenon by which a Quantum system can be in a combination of several separate Quantum state at the same time. Notice that the above two definitions are not rigorous enough to capture the full entry Casillas of these quantum mechanical phenomena. A Quantum computer is a device that uses these quantum mechanical phenomena to perform computations. In quantum computers we have cubits for data storage in place of bytes used in the classical computer of today.

                      the quantum mechanical phenomenon described earlier called the superposition makes a qbits for more powerful than classical beats which in turns make Quantum computer for the superior to classical computer. What make a qubit more powerful than a bit in a classical computer. A traditional  we can Store either 0 or a 1. The cross bonding basis value store in queue bits are represented by 0 and 1 the power of cubit comes from the fact that it can store a combination of the basis states of 0 and 1. The power of qubit from the fact that it can store a combination of the basis states of 0 and 1 in additional to the basic acid themselves due to Quantum superposition notice that a classical bit will be in either of the two state of 0 and 1, where the cubic can also be in a super imposed state of zero and one and not just any one of them. The difficulty in a manufacturing quantum computers arises from the fact that in order to make qubitts we need objects that can attain a state of quantum superposition between two States.

                    there are different ways to create a system capable for exhibit including items superposition some of the technicious involves suspending ions in vacuum by using a electromagnetic field positioning single atoms in crystal using Photon in optical fibre etc. But all these techniques are difficult to implement especially when the number of qubits is a system increases this makes the creation of quantum computer extremely difficult. Another term of 10 associated with Quantum computing quantum Supremacy is a term Defined by john preskill a theoretical physics and it denotes the ability of quantum computer to get a solution to a problem for which no solution is facial by a classical computer. For example for a classical computer it is extremely difficult to find the factors of a large semiprime number that is a multiple of two prime numbers if the number is sufficiently large even the fastest supercomputer in the world will take thousands of year to find the factor of semiprimes this is what make public key Cryptography effective a Quantum algorithm called so algorithm can solve this problem to Jagah tractor realisation in olean normal time making it is a feasible solution.

                 so a Quantum computer can solve the problem in Trigger factorial ization in minutes or even second instead of the thousands of air required by even the fastest classical computer of today Quantum cryptography is at another term of 10 associated with Quantum computing it involves the use of quantum mechanical properties for cryptographic purpose strictly speaking Quantum cryptography has and that is independent of quantum computing notice that the post Quantum cryptography the study of cryptographic technology that will be able to to with stand the attack of quantum computer is distinct from Quantum cryptography.

                    for example in a world where Quantum computer are common public key Cryptography as we know today will not be secure enough to be used in sensitive field like banking commerce etc.

The power of quantum computers:

With the necessary vocabulary about the quantum computing built let us now discuss the essential potential power of quantum computers  are ready and deployed in what way which are their superior to classical computer consider a classical computer with n bits of storage. It can store a single number between 0 and 2 - 1 in binary. Quantum computer with n qubits office storage. Any number between 0 and 2 - 1 can be stored in this cubit storage but with a certain probability for the presence of each number.

                         at this stage I would like to point out a misconceptions about the way cubits work people of 10 believe that we can store all the numbers between 0 and 2 - 1 pink and cube roots all at the same time this is not the case what we can say is that multiple reading of the n cubits in a Quantum computer mein yelled difference number and the power of quantum computing comes from this fact to future elaborate the additional power we can exact from a Quantum computer latest try to understand completely class.

                         a computational problem is said to be a complex ATI class p if it can be solved by a classical computer in a a polynomial time. Let us say that if a computational is in class p then we can solve the problem in a reasonable amount of time even if the problem input is sufficiently large by using a classical computer examples for problems in class B include addition subtraction multiplication and division of numbers sorting a list of number searching from a number in a list checking whether a graph contains and udaarian circles etc.

                       in a journal we can say the problems in class we have a festival solution there are many other complexity classes also all of which in some sense tells us how difficult it is to obtain a solution to a computer relational problem for example there are known known polynomial-time solution to problem in class NP. Examples for problems in class NP includes the the the hamiltonian circle problems travelling salesman problem subset sum problem etc it is not known whatever polymelia time solution to the problem exit in fact the equal to NP problem is one of the most important open problems in Computer Science you could win a million dollar by solving it.

                        having given the necessary introduction about the complexity classes another myth about the power of quantum computer octane incorrectly assume that a Quantum computer will be able to solve all the problem in class NP in polynomial time is not what the expert believe.

                      it is the class of problem that can be solved by the quantum computer in polynomial time with an error probability of at most one upon three we can have an idea about the kind of problems that can be solved efficiently by a Quantum computer it will differently outperformance any classical computer but at the same time that why did your among expired is that at least some of the problem in class and P will not be solvable by a Quantum computer in polynomial time.

The progress made so far

Now that we know about the extra power that will be provided by fully functional Quantum computer latest discusses the different companies and researches Institute that have made significant advances in Quantum computing as it can be a game changing Technology all the Tech Giants have invested heavily in Quantum computing big players like Google IBM Microsoft HP Intel Toshiba etc all have their own reasons to carry out research on Quantum computing which one of these companies have contributed to the hardware of the software for Quantum computing.

                 in 2016 MIT and the University of in Bronx Austria together developed the first functional Quantum computer thought that the quantum computer can only the factories relativity small number like 15 using source algorithm it was the tremendous achievement as for a Quantum computer was concerned the next Big milestone comes in 2019 Google claimed Quantum Supremacy in October 2019 the tag and developed a53 qubits Quantum processor call psycho more which it claimed achieved Quantum Supremacy by completing a computational ” tasks ” in 200 seconds dad computational would have taken at least 10,000 year for even the fastest classical supercomputer we have today claimed Google the report about the experiment published in a famous journal nature can we find at www.nature.com articles 41586 - 019 - 1666 - 5# abs 1.

                 thought the use of such a Quantum processor made quite a sensational in the media the claim of achieving Quantum Supremacy was questioned by many. IBM claim that the same task could be completed in under 2.5 days in a classical computer the company also claimed that future improvements might reduce the time taken for the solution even future. Details regarding the claims made by IBM can be found at www.ibm.com / block / research 201910 on Quantum Supremacy IBM has also touched significant milestone as for a Quantum computing is concerned it has already developed tools like qiskit. For working with quantum computers and Quantum lab allow online code development for Quantum circuits which are available to the programming community for testing and development and other player in the field of quantum computing is Microsoft Quantum development kit.

Quantum computer simulator

Now that we have seen the contribution from the different country image and organisation to Quantum computing let us discuss quantum computers simulators. We have seen that developing quantum computers in an extremely difficult task so how can researchers test a new Quantum algorithm Quantum simulators help us achieve this by using classical computer hardware to imitate Quantum behaviour the difficulty in simulating quantum behaviour areas from the exponential time requirement by the classical computer. As the number of qubitts increasing the simulation  becomes slower and slower developed by the University of Oxford is an example of quantum computer simulators.

                             the development of the simulators has also led to the recent popularization of quantum clouds a platforms that is trending now a days yes it is true I have seen quite a number of advertisements offering free Quantum cloud time and if entrepreneur are offering in their resources there ought to be some truth behind this some of these Quantum computer simulators are based on the quantum an ailing technique. I believed that in the near future a lot of startups will come up with brilliant ideas to offer more and more Quantum cloud resources and example of quantum cloud services is the IBM Quantum experience. It allows user to graphically build Quantum circuits and develop Quantum programs using queue kit source Quantum software development kit.

Quantum programming language:

General discussion on quantum computers will be incomplete if we do not discuss Quantum programming language what are the important Quantum programming language we have already mentioned a Quantum programming language developed by Microsoft it is a free and open source programming language licence under the MI licence this programming language allow us to use cubix in algorithm the sentence of Q has is related to sentence.

The role of open source:

4 we wind of our discussion it is essential to answer and important question what is the role played by the open source community in Quantum computing of course Quantum computing is a field where you need a a gigantic  for Hardware searcher but what about the programming community there might be a day when there are millions of quantum computers in the world just like a classical computer we have today the best news for the open source community is that almost every software related to Quantum computing is open source we have already seen example of quantum programming language and almost all of them are free and open source the same goes for other Quantum computing resources also being a new technology it is essential to have a support of a large community I believe that developers of quantum computing feel that the open sources model is the best to the sustain and nature such as a developing Technology.