The2Educational

परिचय :-  वन अधिकार अधिनियम [ एफआरए] 2006 वन में रहने वाले अनुसूचित जनजातियों (एसटी) और अन्य परम्परागत वन निवासियों (ओटीएफडी] के अधिकारों को मान्यता देने और उन्हें मजबूत करने के लिये एक महत्वपूर्ण कानून है। यह अधिनियम वन भूमि पर उनके दावों की मान्यता  देता है, उन्हें आजीविका के साधन प्रदान करता है और वन प्रबन्धन में उनकी भागीदारी को सुनिश्चित करता है । अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष :-            हाल ही में दिल्ली स्थित संगठन कॉल फॉर जस्टिस द्वारा गठित एक, तथ्य खोज समिति ने देश भर के पाँच राज्यों - असम, छत्तीसगढ महाराष्ट्र, ओडिशा और कर्नाटक में एफआरए के कार्यान्वयन का अध्ययन किया । अध्ययन में पाया गया कि एफआरए का कार्यान्वयन मिश्रित रहा है। जिसमें कुछ राज्यों में सकारात्मक प्रगति देखी गयी है, जबकि अन्य में महत्वपूर्ण कमियां है।          मुख्य बिन्दु  • असम: अध्ययन में पाया गया है कि एफआरए   पूर्वोत्तर राज्यों में मौजूद झूम खेती से संबन्धित अनूठी स्थिति  को संबोधित नहीं करता है। झूम खेती, पहाडी ढलानों प...

The Mughal period (1526-1857) is considered a golden chapter in Indian history. During this period, there was unprecedented progress in art, culture, architecture, literature, trade and politics. The vast Mughal Empire unified most parts of India and established a new era of prosperity. Political splendor: Expansion of the empire: Powerful emperors like Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb expanded the Mughal Empire from Kashmir in the north to the Deccan in the south. Centralized administration: Efficient administrative structures like the Diwani system, the Zamindari system and the Mansabdari system helped in running the empire smoothly. Religious tolerance: Emperors like Akbar adopted a policy of religious tolerance, which made the co-existence of Hindus, Muslims and people of other religions possible. Cultural Advancement: Art and Architecture: The Mughal period was the golden age of art and architecture. Grand monuments like Taj Mahal, Red Fort, ...

On 2 January 2018, the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance notified the Electoral Bond Scheme 2018 under Section 31 [3] of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Objectives of the Central Government through the Electoral Bond Scheme: [a] To provide accurate data of donations received by the political parties of the country through electoral bonds, i.e. to check whether the donations being given to the parties are black money or not. [b] Under this scheme, the old system of political funding of political parties of India was to bring transparency in that system. What is an electoral bond and why is it so important? [1] It is a promissory note or bond, which is also called a vachan patra in Hindi language. [b] This promissory note can be purchased by any Indian who has a PAN. [C] The name of the buyer and the receiver is not written on it.  Such as the name of the donor or any other personal information is not given. [d] The electoral bonds purchased can be ...

If we talk about the geography of Bharat or India, then it is very important to know its ancient history. If we talk about its ancient name, which is called Bharat Varsha, then it was named Bharat after the name of Bharat, the beloved son of the Aryan king Dushyant. If we go through it earlier, then it has also been named Aryavarta by the kings. But here, if we talk not of the ancient times but of the Persian period, then it is also called Hindustan by the Persians. The Persians used to call it Hindustan because they used to address the Indus river as 'H' instead of 'S'. This was considered the main reason by historians. If we talk about the Greeks and Romans, then they used to call Sindhu as Indus and the land before it as India. Hence, this name was given to India by the Greeks. Latitudes of India: If we talk about the latitudes of India, then it is spread from 8°4' North to 37'6 North latitude and 68°7' East longitude to 97°25 East longitude. ...

In recent years, India has emerged as a key player in the arena of international relations, fostering partnerships and alliances that have significant implications on the global stage. With its rich history, diverse culture, and growing economic prowess, India’s diplomatic engagements hold immense importance in shaping the dynamics of world politics. Let’s delve into the multifaceted dimensions of India’s international relationships and their impact on the global landscape. Strategic Partnerships: India’s strategic partnerships with various countries across the globe reflect its commitment to fostering peace, stability, and economic prosperity. The Indo-US strategic partnership, for instance, has witnessed significant growth in recent years, with collaboration spanning areas such as defense, trade, and technology. Similarly, India’s engagements with Russia, Japan, and Israel have strengthened bilateral ties and contributed to regional stability. Economic Diplomacy: India’s economic dip...

Part 4 of the Constitution contains Articles 36 to 51, Directive Principles of State Policy.  The Directive Principles of State Policy in India have been taken from the Constitution of Ireland.  Whereas the parliamentary system from Britain, fundamental rights from America and fundamental duties from the former Soviet Union have been taken in the Constitution of India.            The objectives and goals of the Directive Principles of State Policy, which it is the duty of the state to follow.  Only by implementing these can a welfare state be imagined.      “The Directive Principles of State Policy are the soul of the Constitution which embodies the social philosophy of the Constitution. The above statement is by  Grenville Austin .        Dr. Ambedkar  has rightly said that this is the unique feature of the Indian Constitution, the goal of a welfare state is implicit in it.   ...

                                                   Preamble of Indian Constitution                               The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is basically as follows-         "We the people of India, to make India a 'sovereign sovereign democratic secular socialist republic' and to ensure to all its citizens social, economic and political justice, freedom of thought, expression, belief, religion and worship, equality of status and opportunity,  To achieve and in all of them                        To promote fraternity that ensures the dignity of the individual and the unity and               integrity              ...