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                                                   Preamble of Indian Constitution                               The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is basically as follows-         "We the people of India, to make India a 'sovereign sovereign democratic secular socialist republic' and to ensure to all its citizens social, economic and political justice, freedom of thought, expression, belief, religion and worship, equality of status and opportunity,  To achieve and in all of them                        To promote fraternity that ensures the dignity of the individual and the unity and               integrity              ...

Large written constitution of the world: The constitution of any country in the world is not as detailed as the Constitution of India.  According to Sir Ivor Jennings , the Indian Constitution is the largest and most comprehensive constitution in the world.  But the makers of our Constitution had to create it keeping in mind the conditions of their nation.  At that time, various geographical, political, social and historical situations existed before the country.  The biggest contribution in making our Constitution broad and comprehensive is that in this Constitution, provision has been made not only for the organization and structure of the Central Government but also for the organization and structure of the government of the states.  The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of the nation .  Regarding the vastness of the Constitution, some critics may call it a lawyer's paradise, but every citizen of the nation wants that all kinds of policy related ...

1) Written Constitution-The federal constitution is always written.  In the federal system of governance, state unions are included as units and conditions are set between them, that is, there are contractual relations between the union and the states.  It is possible for such relationships to remain intact when they are written down and their rights and duties are clear.  All this is possible only through a written constitution.   (2) Division of powers :-   The main element of the federal constitution is-   Division of powers between central and provincial governments.  According to Harrier, under the federal constitution, there is a division of powers between the Union and the units and this division is done at such a pace that both are completely independent in their respective fields and at the same time are cooperative with each other.  That under each other.  This division is done by the Constitution.  This element is present in t...

Preamble of the Constitution  Preamble is often mentioned at the beginning of every Act.  This is also necessary;  Because the preamble is the mirror of that act .  It conveys the spirit of the entire act in just a few words.  This is why Justice Subbarao has considered the Preamble to be a symbol of the main ideals and aspirations of the Act.  In other words, the Preamble helps in understanding the objectives and policies of the Act.  Exactly the same thing applies to the Constitution also.  The Preamble of the Constitution is the key to knowing the thoughts of the makers of the Constitution.                    The Preamble is considered a part of the Constitution.  Wherever the language of the Constitution seems vague or doubtful, the Preamble helps in determining its meaning.          Even in the case of  S.  R.  Bommai vs. Union of India...

India, a land steeped in history and culture, boasts a rich and diverse tapestry that unfolds over several millennia. The journey through Indian history encompasses ancient civilizations, medieval empires, colonial rule, and the complexities of post-independence development. Ancient India laid the foundation for the nation's cultural heritage. The Indus Valley Civilization, flourishing around 3300–1300 BCE, showcased advanced urban planning and trade networks. The Vedic period introduced sacred texts known as the Vedas, shaping religious and philosophical thought. The Maurya and Gupta empires, from the 4th to 6th centuries CE, marked a golden age with significant contributions to science, mathematics, and art. Intricate cave temples at Ajanta and Ellora stand as testaments to the artistic brilliance of this era. The medieval period witnessed the rise of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. The Mughals, under rulers like Akbar and Shah Jahan, left an indelible mark...

Fundamental Duties of Citizens given in Indian Constitution   According to Article 51 (a) of the Indian Constitution, both rights and duties are concomitant with each other.  Both are interdependent on each other.  Both of them have 'choli-daman' together.  The two cannot be separated from each other.  One cannot be imagined without the other.  Where there are rights, there are duties also.  One's right is another's duty.  Rights without duties are meaningless.  The same thing applies in law also.  In almost every law, along with rights, duties are also mentioned.  It is a different matter that duties were not mentioned in the Constitution in the beginning.  There has been a reason for this also.  India remained in a state of slavery for a long time.  The mentality of the Indians remained underdeveloped and it always remained in the performance of duty.  Therefore, in these circumstances, merely mentioning the r...